The Thrill of the New

There is nothing as beguiling as the discovery of a new voice on the page: it has the sparkle of new friendship, or even romance. Here is a story you didn’t know you needed to read, one that makes your world suddenly larger, your perspective a little sharper. In a word, you are smitten. 

How do you put a price tag on the Thrill of the New?   

The executive had flown in from California. We sat in the spanking new lower Fifth Avenue offices of the new publishing operation.   

Given the parent company’s core businesses in theme parks and entertainment, I wasn’t sure this new operation would be a natural home for books I’d want to acquire. The book business works on margins media companies usually can’t stomach. But I was fascinated by the idea of helping to start a new enterprise—a unique opportunity.

The visiting executive’s open-collared look did nothing to belie his just-business tone: “Why should we publish first novels?” he asked me across the well-appointed room. “Don’t most of them lose money?” he went on, undeterred by my initial silence.

I was taken aback, because the recently appointed publisher had recruited me with real conviction. I was then a senior editor elsewhere, where I’d brought in work by prize-winning crime writer James Lee Burke, and a first novel by a young L.A.-based police reporter named Michael Connelly.  

Now someone above my potential new boss on the corporate food chain sounded skeptical of my possible role in the new company. Still, with no hesitation, I replied: “If I can’t find new writers, I wouldn’t be interested in working here. Publishing first novels is akin to supporting a new filmmaker in film and television. You establish a talent bank on which to draw in future.”

Bone by Chinese American writer Fae Myenne Ng was as one of the first deposits in my talent bank after I got the job. First published in 1993, it is still in print, and widely adopted in university courses in Asian American and American immigrant literature. Other new writers followed, some more successful than others. But even after I moved on from the company and eventually left corporate publishing, I never lost my interest in first fiction, even if the bulk of my resume as a freelance editor and “book doctor” has been in memoir and autobiography.

As part of my role as a “mentor” to emerging writers at the Center for Fiction, relocated to Brooklyn, I read new work and then meet with the novelist to go over possible changes. Akin to teaching creative writing, it gives me a chance to encounter new voices, to discuss characterization, narrative flow, and plot lines—to keep my skillset sharp, and continually evolving.

Last year, two novels I worked on for the Center were very well-received: American Spy, by Lauren Wilkinson, a literary thriller about a young African American operative who goes to Burkina Faso on a contract from the CIA; and The Affair of the Falcons, by Melissa Rivero, whose undocumented Peruvian protagonist’s struggle to keep her head above water in New York City puts her in increasingly precarious positions. The Washington Post called it, “A beautiful, serious, and life-affirming book.”

Both came out from major publishers, and Wilkinson’s was lauded this way by NPR: “Like the best of John LeCarre, it’s extremely hard to put down.” It also wound up on Barack Obama’s summer reading list.

The thrill of the new, indeed.

This summer, a novel by a new client of mixed Jamaican/Iranian ancestry was pre-empted by yet another major publisher. I can hardly wait to see how this blazingly original workplace satire set in the tech industry makes its way in the marketplace.

When I was a publisher, I defined a healthy list of projects as one that included overtly commercial books to help pay the light bills, and always, a first novel or two that represented a risk. I maintain the same general criteria as a freelancer.

Without risk, there is no reward, in life or in the literary world.

I remember this each time I pass a booth at Book Expo invariably dominated by another new title by that onetime first novelist, Michael Connelly.

I am always greeted with great warmth.  

Building Characters is a Piece of (Layer) Cake

In my work as an independent book editor, I help writers to make their characters live and breathe on the page. 

What’s the secret? Layering.

Have you ever tried the Chilean dessert called torta de mil hojas, also known as Thousand Layer Cake? It’s scrumptious. This is not a cake you whip up quickly; it takes preparation, and if you do it right, you’ll send your dinner guests into a state of nirvana. Assembling many layers of thin pastry is a requirement, but the specific fillings are up to the pastry chef. Sometimes, when I’m helping writers to deepen their characters, I think about this cake. 

I also recall an exhibit I saw at the American Museum of Natural History called, “Our Senses: An Immersive Experience.” An exploration of how our minds work, it explained that we have inner senses (physical sensations like hunger and thirst, body temperature, high energy or fatigue) as well as outer senses like taste, touch, hearing, sight and smell, connecting us to our surroundings. Our brains combine our inner and outer senses to help us survive in the world. 

Imagine applying this depth of awareness to the characters in your story. They might be engaged in a simple activity, like cleaning out the attic. But while they do this simple task, they’re also experiencing a variety of sensations and desires. Ideally, they also have an important objective, or series of intentions, driving the plot forward. 

The mystery novels by Robert Galbraith (J.K. Rowling) feature a private investigator who lost part of his leg in a wartime explosion in Afghanistan. Cormorant Strike has plenty of layers—strength and gruff kindness, a fondness for beer, an estranged rock-star father, an empty bank account—but his physical condition is always present, a challenging and sometimes painful circumstance that influences how he navigates through London, and how others see him. It’s a valuable layer that helps readers to forge an intimate connection to him.

Try this exercise with your story-in-progress:

Go through your story, scene by scene, and see if you can answer these questions: 

• How do your characters feel in the environment you’ve established—and can you heighten it? Is the space familiar or surprising? Is the air too hot or cold? What does it smell like? The faun in Narnia is accustomed to his wintery home but for Lucy, who arrives there through a supernatural wardrobe, it’s marvelously strange and freezing cold. 

• Do your characters have a specific physical condition, a habit or emotional vulnerability, or a haunting memory that will draw readers in?

• Can you add a sense of subtext, something bubbling under the surface that informs the scene but is not overtly discussed? In other words, what are your characters hiding from each other?

• What do they observe about each other—and how will they take advantage of this knowledge?

• What’s their primary objective as they move through the story—what are they fighting for?

Answering questions like these will allow you to add layers to your story, giving your characters a richness that will stick in the minds of your readers, long after they’ve finished your book.

NYC writers can join Judy at the Center for Fiction this fall for her workshop in Active Storytelling. Participants will build emotionally grounded characters, clear points-of-view, dynamic relationships, and vivid descriptions of places, objects, and more. You can register online here.

The Beating Heart of the Story

I have a lovely story to tell as a way of ushering in for us all a creative and productive new year. In early 2017 I worked with a writer living in Portland, Oregon named Gigi Rosenberg whose 50,000 word memoir, THE INHERITANCE,  had received what she called “glowing rejections” from literary agents. It was the story of what happened six weeks after Gigi’s mother’s death; Gigi received a letter from her parents’ executor informing Gigi that her mother had disinherited her. Understandably shocked and devastated, Gigi decided to write a memoir that would seek to understand the legacy of family secrets and banishments.

We worked together—using all the tools  of successful memoir writing—to craft a story that would feel fully sustained and worthy of a book-length narrative. We talked honestly about the challenges of Gigi not sounding overly bitter towards her mother (with whom she had had a strong relationship). I realized Gigi has a marvelous sense of humor, an ability to see the bright side that was not always clear on the page. I knew Gigi had done a lot of performing and had a busy career as a public speaking coach, and I wondered if her thespian skills could bring this interesting family material to life in a different form. But Gigi had worked long and hard on THE INHERITANCE and her focus didn’t waver from the written form.

Flash forward to the spring of 2018. I received an excited postcard from Gigi informing me that her one woman show, based on the memoir, was going to be performed at the Fertile Ground Festival of New Work in Portland.  In short order, I received another postcard. The show, now called, Firstborn, had been accepted into the off-Broadway United Solo Theater Festival. In October of this past year, almost two years after working with Gigi, I found myself on West 42nd Street watching a fantastic one-hour, one-woman show. With props and photos, Gigi brought her 1960’s and 70’s  NYC childhood in an artsy, bohemian family to life. Gone was the bitterness we’d struggled with. What had made the memoir compelling—a charismatic mother, an interesting milieu, the bittersweet nature of familial relationships—had been drilled down into a play that was delightful, rueful in good ways, and most of all, funny.

I met Gigi for breakfast a few days later and I marveled at the metamorphosis from memoir to play. She explained that shortly after we had worked together, she had performed a few more stories from the material. She was surprised to discover that there was far more humor in the thespian version than she previously understood. She took a class via Skype with a well-known dramaturg in New York named Seth Barrish. As Gigi talked, I asked her if I could interview her directly on the process that took her from a deeply discouraged writer of memoir to a playwright whose work has been performed off-Broadway.

Q&A

Jane Rosenman: Did you gauge audience reaction that helped you see the humor in the readings you did?

Gigi Rosenberg: The audience reaction was easy to gauge: it was the laughter I heard in rehearsals from my director, Lauren Bloom Hanover, and during performances from the audience.

But before I even knew I was going to turn the memoir into a solo show, I was invited to tell a story with Portland Story Theater in Oregon, where I live. That invitation came at a time when I was struggling with the memoir, still determined that this story would be a book. I took a break from the manuscript and started performing the stories aloud from memory.

Suddenly, the stories felt more alive. I’ve always enjoyed making people laugh so having an audience helped me find the humor. Also, live storytelling became its own editing process: you discover ways to condense, you remember details and forge transitions. With each telling, something new and often better emerged. As an extrovert, I also thrived within the collaborative process of creating live theater and having both a dramaturg and a director to experiment with.

Jane Rosenman: What did you learn from the dramaturg that would be helpful for a reader of this blog post?

Gigi Rosenberg: Seth Barrish, the dramaturg, encouraged me to focus on action and how one action leads to the next action so that I found the causal links between events. For example, I might ask myself: what was the last straw for this character that caused them to act in this way which set off this chain of events?

I have a tendency to explain more to the audience than is necessary.  Any mention of feelings or commentary or ruminating, which I love to do, was cut. Because it’s not dramatic.

We were ruthless about making sure every word in the script was there for a reason. If it didn’t support the larger story, it was excised.

This is just good writing advice but it’s not easy to apply to your own writing. We writers get very attached to phrases, characters, stories and it helps to have someone else, like a dramaturg, director, editor or coach, be vigilant about ensuring that every word feeds the engine of the story.

Jane Rosenman: Also, do you have ideas for how memoir writers who are not performers might find other creative ways to change the form of their stories?

Gigi Rosenberg: You don’t need to be a “performer” to tell a good story to a live audience. In fact, not being a performer may make you a more authentic storyteller. The best storyteller sounds like this is the first time they’ve ever told this story. If a performance feels overly rehearsed or pre-planned, it’s less interesting for the audience.

If you’re a writer you would never perform your story in front of an audience even with coaching, what other form could your memoir take that puts it out into the world? Here are some ideas:

• Publish a chapter on your own blog (or as a guest blogger on someone else’s blog) with photos or illustrations, if possible. (I published several stories about living in Siena, Italy on my blog and received more feedback from readers than any feedback I’ve ever received from publishing in a literary journal.)

• Print a few copies of a tiny book you create of one chapter or a complete story. You could do this at your neighborhood copy shop.  (I did this with a speech I gave once and everyone got to take my story home with them).

• Read a few pages of your story wherever you can: at your next dinner party, coffee date, open mic. Stay attuned to audience reaction.

The goal is to get your work out however you can. If one door shuts, find another crack somewhere else. Be flexible to form.

When I first set out on this project, I wanted to have a memoir in book form that I could hold in my hands. But after years of rewriting, I finally surrendered. And in doing so, I found the beating heart of the story. It wasn’t the story I set out to write but it was the story form that had more life in it—which in the end is what matters.

The Eye of the Beholder

As a freelancer I love learning new tricks of the trade, even after all the years I’ve been in it, as well as thinking of new applications for older ones. Teachers say they learn a great deal from their students; I’m often editorially refreshed by new assignments.

A review of a client’s novel brought up fascinating issues of gender in fiction: how does a male author convincingly portray a female protagonist fighting for her place in a man’s world?

Let me point out upfront that I am doing a little fictionalizing of my own to respect the client’s privacy. And whenever I comment on issues like gender identification in a novel, my goal is always to help the writer create a wholly credible world on the page, with characters that ring true to readers; I have no “agenda” separate from that.

My client’s story, set a bit in the past, is a detective story whose central character is a female cop working in a robbery unit on a big-city police force. The theft of a set of rare jewels from a high-end hotel was well-conceived: the credibility of the main character was the defining factor in the rewrite I advised. After all, women buy most of the novels published every year, even crime novels; and strong female protagonists are key not just to book sales, but also to the dramatic adaptations this writer clearly envisions.

One of the first things I noticed as I took notes were the frequent mentions of the main character’s physical appearance in a way that distracted from her efforts to solve the crime. Yes, we want to “envision” the physical appearance of the main characters in a tightly paced crime novel to keep them straight as the twists and turns in the plot pile up. But when the character’s ethnic origins (in this case, Puerto Rican) and body type (J. Lo is a role model) are mentioned every time she seizes the reins of the investigation, it’s as if her very desirability is being used to undercut her competence in this very macho workplace. And when in the sight lines of her potential love interest, a fellow officer in a competing unit, she releases the tightly-wound topknot that holds her unruly curls in place, a gesture reminiscent of romantic comedies in which the bookish female lead releases her chignon.

One of the reasons my client’s tough-as-nails protagonist lacked credibility was that she had no believable female friends or family members in whom she could confide: Wouldn’t an ambitious protagonist in a story like this have a girlfriend on the force, I asked, even a colleague in a lab or front office--someone with whom to share war stories about the obstacles in her path to a promotion?

Most female leads in crime novels defy the stereotype of the “loner” crime fighter, even forging alliances of varying intensity with male partners like Harry Bosch in Michael Connelly’s bestselling books, which also rely on his eventual relationship with his daughter to bring out a more rounded dimension to the character.

In The Black Echo, the book that introduced Bosch to readers, Harry meets an F.B.I. agent known as E.D. Wish, whom he’d assumed was a man: “She was tall and lithesome with brown wavy hair about to the shoulders with blonde highlights. A nice tan and little make-up. She looked hard-shell and a little weary for this early in the day, the way lady cops and hookers get. She wore a brown business suit and a white blouse with a chocolate-brown western bow. He detected the unsymmetrical curve of her hips beneath the jacket.”

Bosch is surprised to see a Luger at her side, since he’s always known lady cops to carry their guns in their purses—a detail that tells you all you need to know about these two characters, in Connelly’s economical prose. The lady is lovely, but she is a pro. And we are seeing her through the eyes of Bosch, who takes her measure aware of her feminine charms, but also of her strong stance.

Wish turns out to be a highly conflicted character of considerable complexity. We don’t need to see the world of the novel through her perspective, because we have Harry to show us. In the case of my client’s book, the heroine was less compelling as an officer of the law because as each male character encounters her, from a pizza delivery man to her supervisor on the force, the reader hears about some aspect of her appearance, often in similar terms: this is the view of the author, superimposed as omniscient narrator.

In my editorial letter, I found myself writing, “All this is from the male gaze,” though I view “political correctness” in fiction overall as a form of self-censorship. True, our heroine fights to solve her cases and advance on the force in a realistic manner: but in the details of her private life, and in the prose in which she is described, the male author showed a lack of access to a realistic female perspective.

All this got me thinking: how often do writers of one gender really get inside the mind and heart of characters from the other?

In fact, how often do writers truly “know” characters outside their own experience? In the New York Times Book Review (6/3/18), novelist Victor Lavalle points out that in Stephen King’s new book, some of the characters are better realized than others. The king of horror doesn’t presume to be “an insider” when writing Mexican American characters, for example: “King doesn’t imply that he knows them with the same authority, yet he writes them as vital members of his cast. This strikes me as the very definition of the difference between appropriation and inspiration: presumption versus humility.”

Humility, and curiosity about people unlike yourself: are these qualities to be cultivated by readers as well as writers? Do readers of a certain gender or ethnic background or sexual orientation need to “relate” to characters in a book to find it pleasurable? I have no need to identify with Raskolnikov to find Crime and Punishment truly riveting; but I advised my client that if a piece of commercial fiction is targeted to a certain readership, yes, the central character must be fully rounded, with all-too-human frailties as well as virtues. It comes down to the artistry and intent of the writer.

These issues come to the fore when one of our literary giants passed away in May 2018. In “What Philp Roth Didn’t Know About Women Could Fill a Book,” novelist and New Jersey native Dara Horn argues that she felt unmoored when she read Goodbye, Columbus, in which she recognized every restaurant, synagogue and cemetery: “So how could this Jewish girl from Short Hills, and the many others like her who populate Roth’s books, feel so unfamiliar? Despite the years that divided us, wasn’t Brenda (the protagonist of Goodbye Columbus) supposed to be a girl like … me?”

She elaborates: “Roth’s three favorite topics — Jews, women and New Jersey — all remain socially acceptable targets of irrational public mockery, and Roth was a virtuoso at mocking the combination of all three.”

Still, Horn disavows a “culture police” perspective: “After all, if one policed literature for bigotry, there would be little left to read. The problem is literary: these caricatures reveal a lack of not only empathy, but curiosity.” In her view, Roth’s main flaw is artistic narcissism: “Philip Roth’s works are only curious about Philip Roth.”

Critic and novelist Zadie Smith offered a differing perspective in The New Yorker: “At an unusually tender age, he learned not to write to make people think well of him, nor to display to others, through fiction, the right sort of ideas, so they could think him the right sort of person. ‘Literature isn’t a moral beauty contest,’ he once said. For Roth, literature was not a tool of any description. It was the venerated thing in itself.”

Smith admits that “Like all writers, there were things and ideas that lay beyond his ken or conception; he had blind spots, prejudices, selves he could imagine only partially, or selves he mistook or mislaid. But, unlike many writers, he did not aspire to perfect vision. He knew that to be an impossibility. Subjectivity is limited by the vision of the subject, and the task of writing is to do the best with what you have.”

Still, some women felt that it was somehow “wrong” to like Roth’s work. In an opinion piece called “Philip Roth’s Toxic Masculinity” (New York Times, 5/23/18), writer Sam Lipstye quotes just such a female friend. But Lipsyte asks, wrong according to whose calculation? After all, he notes that Roth himself described his method this way: “I dig a hole and shine my flashlight into it.”

As obnoxious as characters such as Mickey Sabbath, the protagonist of Sabbath’s Theater, may be, he argues, Roth is exploring “how social norms about gender and sexuality deform a large percentage of our population and mire it in violence, rage, shame and a kind of zombie-fied eroticism.” In other words, so-called toxic masculinity is no picnic for men, either.

Lipstye also points out the way that cultural norms shift with time: the author of Portnoy’s Complaint and Goodbye, Columbus was surveying the American social landscape well in advance of the #MeToo era. Not to mention that Roth’s main theme was “not so much sex but the idea of the individual in America, the immigrant or striver, the kid straining against the confines of the kind of appropriate behavior elders consider linked to success. A possibly immature but exuberant carnality was rebellion against conformity.”

In other words, through Roth’s “wit, fearlessness, and emotional acuity,” his work transcends simple us vs. them, sexual equivalencies.

For me, ignoring or refusing to acknowledge Philip Roth’s literary achievement because you don’t like the women (or lack of them) in his books is akin to saying that you don’t like Huckleberry Finn because it contains the n-word. I once had a heated argument with a well-known writer, improbably in the locker room of a swim club, about whether Milan Kundera’s The Unbearable Lightness of Being was a worthy book. She deemed it less so, because he is “a male chauvinist, like his pal Philip Roth.” I wasn’t having it.

Reading Roth as a young woman was subversive: As I recall, after my Catholic mother found my dog-eared copy of Portnoy, along with an edition of Newsweek with Sophia Loren on the cover in a wet T-shirt, she delegated both to the trash can. But it was too late.

I’m with Times reader Vera Mehta of Brooklyn, who wrote about reading Portnoy as a new arrival to London from Mumbai, India, when she was pregnant and unemployed. Up to that point in her life, she had very little knowledge of American literature: “All my favorite authors were 18th and 19th century British novelists. There was nothing in my experience that I could ‘relate to’ in Portnoy’s story, but after finishing it, I became one of Philp Roth’s most ardent and lifelong fans.

“That anyone could be so funny and write so well about the human condition and all its weirdness, absurdity and vulgarity was a revelation.”

Her last words are key: if a writer gives his or her characters a life on the page that conveys the beauty, absurdity, and even cruelty—in the case of crime fiction—of the world we live in, readers will follow—man, woman, or child.